The La pandemia del Covid-19 y los derechos de la persona en términos de derecho público y privado

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31207/ih.v9i2.253
Palabras clave: Derechos Humanos, Persona privada, Derecho Privado, Derecho Público, Pandemia Covid-19

Resumen

Se analizan aquí los principios de adecuación de la regulación de las relaciones civiles en el contexto de la pandemia Covid-19, así como la admisibilidad de restringir los derechos humanos e individuales, atendiendo al conflicto de intereses públicos y privados. Se busca determinar el algoritmo óptimo de las acciones gubernamentales destinadas a prevenir la propagación de la epidemia, a través de la concepción de los derechos como triunfos de Dworkin y de las nociones de “hombre”, “persona privada”, “derechos naturales privados”, “derecho privado” y “derecho civil nacional”. Se concluye que hoy se subestima la categoría de “natural” de los derechos humanos, lo que se agrava durante la pandemia, cuando el Estado utiliza activamente el derecho público para salir de la crisis. Como resultado, existe un conflicto de principios básicos del derecho público y privado: “todo está permitido excepto lo prohibido por la ley” vs. “solo se puede hacer lo permitido por la ley”. Se propone que se asuma de forma habitual la existencia jurídica de una persona como partícipe en las relaciones civiles de tipo privado, incluso durante una pandemia. Así, las relaciones privadas que surgen durante el período de cuarentena deben regularse principalmente por las reglas de derecho privado, limitando la influencia del Estado. Esto nos permitirá llegar a un compromiso de los intereses públicos y privados, sin restringir los derechos de las personas de forma voluntaria.

Descargas

La descarga de datos todavía no está disponible.

Biografía del autor/a

Evgen Kharytonov, National University “Odesa Law Academy” (Ukraine)

Doctor of Legal Science. Professor of Civil Law Department and Head of same Department at National University “Odesa Law Academy”, Odesa, Ukraine. Corresponding Member of National Academy of Law Sciences of Ukraine. Honored Science and Technology Worker of Ukraine.

Olena Kharytonova, National University “Odesa Law Academy” (Odesa, Ukraine)

Doctor of Legal Science. Professor of Intellectual Property and Corporate Law Department and Head of the same Department at National University “Odesa Law Academy” (Odesa, Ukraine). Corresponding Member of National Academy of Law Sciences of Ukraine. Honored Science and Technology Worker of Ukraine.

Denis Kolodin, National University “Odesa Law Academy” (Odesa, Ukraine)

Ph. D., Associate Professor of Criminal law Department, Head of Civil law and Economic Justice Faculty of National University “Odesa Law Academy” (Odesa, Ukraine)

Maxym Tkalych, Zaporizhzhia National University (Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine)

Associate Professor of Civil Law Department at Zaporizhzhia National University (Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine).

Citas

Amelin, A. (2020). The government will control the people more, hiding behind their security. Gazets.ua. In https://gazeta.ua/articles/opinions-journal/_vlada-silnishe-kontrolyuvatime-narod-prikrivayuchis-jogo-bezpekoyu/958662?utm_source=gravitec&utm_medium=push&utm_campaign=.
Anners, E. (1994). History of European Law. Moscow: The science.
Australia. (1811). The Civil Code. In https://www.trans-lex.org/602100/_/austrian-civil-code/.
Babenko, M. & Kravchenko, V. (2020). First flowers. Ukrainian business is summing up the results of the quarantine, which has not ended yet. Focus. In https://focus.ua/economics/456848-itogi-karantina-biznes.
Berman, G. J. (1998). Western tradition of law: the era of formation. Moscow: Publishing House of Moscow State University.
Cesare, S. (2000). Roman Private Law Course. Moscow: Publishing house BEK.
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as amended by Protocols n° 11 and 14 (1950).
Dempsey, J. (2020). How the Coronavirus Revived Angela Merkel. Carnegie Europe. In https://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/81763.
Durant, W. (1994). Caesar and Christ: A History of Roman Civilization and of Christianity from Their Beginnings to A.D. 325 (Story of Civilization). New York: Fine Communications.
Dworkin, R. (1977). Taking Rights Seriously. London: Duckworth.
European Court of Human Rights. (1960). LAWLESS v. IRELAND. In https://hudoc.echr.coe.int.
European Court of Human Rights. (1993). Brannigan and McBride V. The United Kingdom. In https://hudoc.echr.coe.int.
European Court of Human Rights. (2009). A. and Others v. The United Kingdom. In https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-57819%22]}.
Faculty of Civil and Economic Justice of the National University “Odesa Law Academy”. (2020). Problems of legal regulation of civil relations in the conditions of Covid-19. Odesa: Phoenix.
France. (1804). The Civil Code. In https://www.trans-lex.org/601101/_/french-civil-code-2016/.
Gaius (n.d). Institvtiones or Institutes of Roman Law. In https://droitromain.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/Anglica/gai2_Poste.htm.
García Garrido, M. J. (2005). Roman private law: cases, lawsuits, institutions. Moscow: Statute.
Gates, B. (2015). The best lessons in fighting the epidemic can be learned from the experience of preparing for war. Ukrinform. In https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-world/2911665-bill-gejts-2015-najkrasi-uroki-u-borotbi-z-epidemieu-mozna-distati-z-dosvidu-pidgotovki-do-vijni.html.
Gates, M. (2020). Coronavirus Pandemic ‘Accelerating at an Exponential Rate,’ Straining Healthcare and Security. ASIS International. In https://www.unn.com.ua/uk/news/1860252-glava-vooz-pandemiya-koronavirusu-priskoryuyetsya-z-eksponentsiynoyu-shvidkistyu.
Gewirth (1981). The basis and content of human rights. Nomos, 23, 119-147. In https://www.jstor.org/stable/24219090?seq=1.
Goykhbarg, A.G. (1924). Fundamentals of private property law. Moscow: Publishing house “Krasnaya nov”. In https://naukaprava.ru/catalog/297/4673/28455.
Harris, J. W. (1997). Legal philosophies. London: Butterworths. In https://search.library.uq.edu.au/primo-explore/fulldisplay/61UQ_ALMA2196374890003131/61UQ.
Hart, H. L. A. (2015). The Concept of Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hazeltine, W. (2020). Why the United States loses the war with Covid-19. Project Syndicate. In https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/united-states-covid-testing-contact-tracing-by-william-a-haseltine-2020-03?barrier=accesspaylog.
Hohfeld, W.N. (1917). Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Judicial Reasoning. The Yale Law Journal, 26(8), 710-770. In https://www.jstor.org/stable/786270?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents.
Jellinek, G. (2004). General Doctrine of the State. Santi Petersburg: Publishing House “Legal Center Press”.
Kharytonov, E. & Golubeva, N. (eds.) (2008). Civil law. Kharkiv: Odissey.
Kharytonov, E. & Kharytonova, O. (2018). Regulatory legal relations: private law and public law dimensions. Odessa: Helvetica.
Kharytonov, E. (2009). The system (structure) of private law. Legal life of modern Ukraine, 1, 325-326.
Kharytonov, E. (2016). Basics of Roman Private Law. Odesa: Phoenix.
Kharytonov, E., Kharytonova, O. & Golubeva, N. (eds.). (2010). The Civil Code of Ukraine. Kyiv: Alerta.
Kharytonova, O.I. (2004). Administrative and legal relations (problems of theory). Odessa: Legal Literature.
Koshlyak A. & Spirin, E. (2020). The world after the pandemic: globalization is weakening, nationalists are strengthening their positions. In https://thebabel.com.ua/texts/40815-svit-pislya-pandemiji-globalizaciya-slabshaye-nacionalisti-zmicnyuyut-poziciji-perekazuyemo-stattyu-foreign-policy?utm_source=page&utm_medium=publication.
Kostenko, O. (2005). Natural and human factors in law: research from the standpoint of social naturalism. Bulletin of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 8, 25-35. In http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/vnanu_2005_8_4.
Kostenko, O. (2020). In the light of social naturalism. Kyiv: Palivoda.
Kuznetsova, I. (2020). On the legality of quarantine, “red” and “black” prisons, raiding and photos under the table – an interview with the Minister of Justice. Radio Svoboda. In https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/denys-maliuska/30655377.html.
MacCormick, N. (1982). Legal Right and Social Democracy: Essays in Legal and Political Philosophy. Oxford: Clarendon. In https://philpapers.org/rec/MACLRA.
Mendos Kuskonmaz, E. (2020). Covid-19: A New Struggle over Privacy, Data Protection and Human Rights? European Law Blog. In https://europeanlawblog.eu/author/elifkuskonmaz/.
Mitsilegas, V. (2020). Responding to Covid-19: Surveillance, Trust and the Rule of Law. London: Queen Mary University of London. In https://www.qmul.ac.uk/law/news/responding-to-covid-19/items/responding-to-covid-19-surveillance-trust-and-the-rule-of-law.html.
NV.ua. (2020). “We have faced a historic challenge.” Shmygal summed up the first 100 days of his Cabinet’s work—a video of the government meeting. In https://nv.ua/ukr/ukraine/politics/pershi-100-dniv-roboti-kabminu-zasidannya-uryadu-10-chervnya-novini-ukrajini-50093216.html?utm_campaign=Dailypayukr&utm_content=803899501&utm_medium=Dailypay&utm_source=email.
Pistor, K. (2020). Law in the Time of Covid-19. New York: Columbia Law School. In https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/books/240.
Principles, Definitions and Model Rules of European Private Law. Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR). (2010). In https://www.ccbe.eu/fileadmin/speciality_distribution/public/documents/EUROPEAN_PRIVATE_LAW/EN_EPL_20100107_Principles__definitions_and_model_rules_of_European_private_law_-_Draft_Common_Frame_of_Reference__DCFR_.pdf.
Puhan, I. & Polenak-Akimovskaya, M. (1999). Roman Law. Moscow: Zertsalo.
Rabinovich, S.P. (2010). Yusnaturalism in private law (Western European tradition). Kyiv: Research Institute of Private Law and Entrepreneurship of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine.
Romovska, Z. (2005). Ukrainian Civil Law: General Part. Kyiv: Attica. In https://www.twirpx.com/file/448890/.
Savigny. F. K. (2011). System of Modern Roman Law. Miami: HardPress.
Smith, J. (2012). European private law as a mixed legal system. European law, 2(4), 215-225. In http://www.irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis_nbuv/cgiirbis_64.exe?I21DBN=LINK&P21DBN=UJRN&Z21ID=&S21REF=10&S21CNR=20&S21STN=1&S21FMT=ASP_meta&C21COM=S&2_S21P03=FILA=&2_S21STR=evrpr_2012_2-4_21.
The Digests of Justinian. (1998). Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. In http://nbls.soc.srcf.net/files/files/Civil%20II/Texts/Digest%20of%20Justinian,%20Volume%202%20(D.16-29).pdf.
Ukraine. (1996). Constitution of Ukraine. Kiev.
Ukraine. (2003). The Civil Code. In https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/435-15.
Ukraine. Cabinet of Ministers. (2020). Resolution 255. In https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/255-2020-%D0%BF#Text.
Ukraine. The National Bank of Ukraine. (2020). Comment of the National Bank on the change in real GDP in the second quarter of 2020. In https://bank.gov.ua/ua/news/all/komentar-natsionalnogo-banku-schodo-zmini-realnogo-vvp-u-ii-kvartali-2020-roku.
United Nations. (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/.
United Nations. (1976). International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights, and Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
United States of America (1959). The Code of Tort Law. In https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/part-VI/chapter-171.
Wacks, R. (2012). Understanding jurisprudence: An Introduction to Legal Theory. New York: Oxford University Press.
Waldron, J. (2013). Is Dignity the Foundation of Human Rights? NYU School of Law, Public Law Research Paper, 12, 73-103. In https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2196074.
Worldometers. (2020). In https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/.
Zweigert, K. & Ketz, H. (1998). An Introduction to Comparative Law in Private Law. Moscow: International relationships. In https://www.twirpx.com/file/139935/.
Publicado
2020-10-06
Cómo citar
Kharytonov, E., Kharytonova, O., Kolodin, D., & Tkalych, M. (2020). The La pandemia del Covid-19 y los derechos de la persona en términos de derecho público y privado. Ius Humani. Revista De Derecho, 9(2), 225-250. https://doi.org/10.31207/ih.v9i2.253
Número
Vol. 9 Núm. 2 (2020): Ius Humani. Law Journal
Sección
Artículos

Derechos de autor 2020 Evgen Kharytonov, Olena Kharytonova, Denis Kolodin, Maxym Tkalych

Creative Commons License
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.

Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
1. Los autores conservan siempre los derechos de autor. A la vez, garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera en publicar su trabajo bajo una licencia Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 que permite a otros compartir el trabajo con un reconocimiento de la autoría del trabajo y del hecho que se ha publicado en esta revista.
2. Los autores saben y aceptan que el equipo de Ius Humani procurará darle a sus contribuciones la mayor difusión posible. Ello implica distribuir sus contenidos en la versión periódica impresa, en el sitio electrónico de la Revista, en diversas bases de datos y en índices científicos.
3. Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarla en un repositorio institucional o publicarla en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
4. Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).