Clínicas de derecho como un elemento importante en la defensa gratuita de los derechos humanos

Palabras clave: Derechos humanos, Defensa legal, Clínica de derecho, Defensa jurídica básica, pro bono

Resumen

Actualmente existen clínicas de derecho en casi todo país del mundo. Este artículo examina el estado legal de estas clínicas en Ucrania, a fin de asegurar el derecho humano a la defensa legal. El autor destaca que las clínicas de derecho son un importante elemento institucional de la defensa legal. En consecuencia, existe una urgente necesidad de regularlas, para así poder cumplir con la obligación de garantizar del derecho constitucional de toda persona a recibir este tipo de defensa. Aunque las clínicas de derecho llevan a cabo un importante rol social, la regulación reglamentaria de su actividad se lleva a cabo solo a nivel de actos del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia ucraniano. Todos los esfuerzos de consolidar un estatuto legal de estas clínicas —por ejemplo, con la Ley sobre la defensa jurídica gratuita de 2 de junio de 2011— no han logrado culminar. Sobre todo, el Verkhovna Rada (el Parlamento ucraniano) ha comenzado recientemente la reforma de la legislación sobre los abogados. Por lo tanto, hay una oportunidad que la norma discriminatoria de la Constitución sobre el monopolio de los abogados para acudir a las cortes, resulte abolida. Por ello, se abre una vía para desarrollar el estatuto de las clínicas de derecho, donde los colaboradores de dichas instituciones tendrán la oportunidad, además de dar asesoría legal, de representar a sus clientes en las cortes.

Descargas

La descarga de datos todavía no está disponible.

Biografía del autor/a

Serhii Kivalov, National University “Odessa Law Academy” (Ukraine)

Doctor of Legal Science. Academician full member of the National Academy of Law of Ukraine and National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine. Head of the Southern Regional Center National Academy of Law Sciences of Ukraine. Honored Lawyer of Ukraine. President of the National University “Odessa Law Academy”. Professor of Department of administrative and financial law at National University “Odessa Law Academy” (Ukraine). Researcher ID AAG-7107-2019. Orcid: 0000-0002-4651-1805

Citas

Ashar, S. M. (2012). The Global Clinical Movement: Educating Lawyers for Social Justice. Journal of Legal Education, 62, 193-205. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2141470 (8-XII-2019).
Association of Legal Clinics of Ukraine. (2019). Retrieved from https://legalclinics.in.ua/ (8-XII-2019).
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as amended by Protocols n° 11 and 14. (1950).
Dobrokhotova, O.M. (2007). Practical training of lawyers in Russia: the history of formation and development prospects. Saint Petersburg.
Dubchak, N.S. (2012). Classification of legal clinics: a theoretical analysis. Bulletin of the Academy of Advocacy of Ukraine, 25(3), 198-200.
Elov, V. (2004). When will the university train lawyers rather than “graduates”? Law of Ukraine, 1, 132-135.
Galai, A. O. (2013). Legal clinic as a subject of administrative legal relations. Bulletin of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, 138(4), 66-73.
Galai, A. O., Grechanyuk, S. K., & Sobol, E. Y. (2017). Street law from law clinics as an effective informal legal education program for teens. Science and education, 4, 20-28. Retrieved from http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/NiO_2017_4_6 (8-XII-2019).
Goncharenko, V.O. (2004). Legal Clinic. History and definitions. Practice of Legal Clinics of Ukraine, 1, 3-5.
Grimes, R. (1996). The Theory and Practice of Clinical Legal Education. In Effective Learning and Teaching in Law, R. Burridge et al. (eds.), Kogan.
Hubbard, B., Saladen, M., Tushaus, D. W. & Upreti, N. K. (2019). Taking justice to people in crisis: Mobile legal clinics. Alternative Law Journal, 44(1), 76–81. DOI 10.1177/1037969X19829550.
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966). The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (UN Human Rights).
JuristOFF (2013). Article 59 of the Constitution of Ukraine 2013: Articles of the Constitution of Ukraine. Retrieved from https://juristoff.com/resyrsi/kz/konstitutsiya-ukrajini/rozdil-2-prava-svobodi-ta-obov-yazki-lyudini-i-gromadyanina/11012-stattya-59-konstituciya-ukrajini-2013-statti-konstituciji-ukrajini (8-XII-2019).
Kozenko, Y. (2009). Law clinics: learning by helping. Law Student, 6(5), 22-23.
Legal Clinic. (2019). National University “Odessa Law Academy”. Retrieved from http://onua.edu.ua/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=734&Itemid=391&lang=uk (8-XII-2019).
Legal clinical education. (2019). Law Clinic. Retrieved from http://clinic.lawinstitut.ru/ru/about/ (8-XII-2019).
Lodzuk, M. (2015). Law clinics in Ukraine: education and legal assistance. Odessa: Phoenix. Retrieved from https://legalclinics.in.ua/wp-content/uploads/Lodzhuk_monografiya.pdf (8-XII-2019).
Lodzuk, M.T. (2013). The system of legal aid in the Russian Federation: the activity of legal clinics. Actual problems of legal science. Research Practice Conf. “Twelve Autumn Legal Readings.” Khmelnytskyi: Khmelnitskyi University of Management and Law.
Lomzec, Y. (2018). Results of monitoring of the Law Clinic of the National University of Odessa Law Academy. Odessa: Association of Legal Clinics of Ukraine. Retrieved from https://legalclinics.in.ua/wp-content/uploads/Zvit-Odesa-NYUA-2018.pdf (8-XII-2019).
Mkwebu, T. (2014). The Global Clinical Movement: Educating Lawyers for Social Justice. International Journal of Clinical Legal Education, 21, 289-302. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314550415_THE_GLOBAL_CLINICAL_MOVEMENT_EDUCATING_LAWYERS_FOR_SOCIAL_JUSTICE (8-XII-2019).
Moldovan, V.V., & Katsavets, P.C. (2007). Legal Clinic. Kyiv: Center for Educational Literature.
Nechiporuk, S. (2008). History of law clinic. Khreshchatyk, 177, 16-19.
On Free Legal Aid: Law of Ukraine. (2011). Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian Parliament). Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3460-17 (8-XII-2019).
Open Society Institute (2009). Legal Clinics. Hungary: Createch Ltd. Retrieved from https://www.justiceinitiative.org/uploads/0763f81d-04c4-4f72-bd88-67f6ee89dd69/legalclinics_20090101.pdf (8-XII-2019).
Polyakov, M.B. (2010). The history of legal clinics and clinical legal education. Russian Law Journal, 2, 6-68. Retrieved from https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/istoriya-vozniknoveniya-yuridicheskih-klinik-i-klinicheskogo-yuridicheskogo-obrazovaniya (8-XII-2019).
Savelova, Y. M. (2013). The historical and legal aspect of the emergence and development of legal clinical education. Small and Medium Business (Law, State Economy), 1, 37-41.
Sokolenko, O.L. (2009). Legal clinic in legal education. Bulletin of the Academy of Customs Service of Ukraine, 2(1), 40-44.
Stege, U. (2019). Legal clinical education for the benefit of asylum seekers, refugees and migrants in Europe. Legal dialogue. Retrieved from https://legal-dialogue.org/ru/mezhdunarodny-symposium-2018/interview-intro (8-XII-2019).
The Court of Cassation of Ukraine declared the bill abolishing the lawyer’s monopoly constitutional. (2019). Ukrinform. Retrieved from https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-polytics/2810381-ksu-viznav-zakonoproekt-pro-skasuvanna-advokatskoi-monopolii-konstitucijnim.html (8-XII-2019).
Tushaus, D. W., Gupta, S. K., & Kapoor, S. (2015). India Legal Aid Clinics: Creating Service Learning Research Projects to Study Social Justice. Asian Journal of Legal Education, 2(2), 100-118. DOI 10.1177/2322005815578509
Ukraine (1996). Constitution of Ukraine. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/254%D0%BA/96-%D0%B2%D1%80 (8-XII-2019).
Ukraine (2019). Draft Law on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine (concerning the definition of the status of legal clinics as entities providing free legal aid). Retrieved from http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_2?pf3516=9502&skl=7 (8-XII-2019).
Winkler, E. (2019). Clinical Legal Education: A report on the concept of law clinics. Retrieved from https://law.handels.gu.se/digitalAssets/1500/1500268_law-clinic-rapport.pdf (8-XII-2019).
Yelov, V. (2019). Location of Legal Clinics in the System of Free Legal Assistance, Their Role and Importance in the Reform of Higher Legal Education. Law online. Retrieved from http://www.pravoonline.org.ua/site/kbase/c/39/category/korisna-informaciya-dlya-pravnikiv/t/83/title/misce-yuridichnih-klinik-v-sistemi-bezoplatnoyi-pravovoyi-do# (8-XII-2019).
Yelov, V. A., Molybogh, S.I., & Pavlenko, D.G. (2004). Legal Clinic. Kyiv: Schoolboy.
Publicado
2019-12-12
Cómo citar
Kivalov, S. (2019). Clínicas de derecho como un elemento importante en la defensa gratuita de los derechos humanos. Ius Humani. Revista De Derecho, 8, 169-186. https://doi.org/10.31207/ih.v8i0.221
Sección
Artículos