Percepciones del público sobre la justicia: un análisis sociojurídico de los factores de influencia

Palabras clave: Castigo, Public-perception, Crime, Rehabilitation, Media

Resumen

El público desempeña un papel fundamental en la administración de justicia en una sociedad representativa. Asimismo, su participación responsable es esencial para que el conjunto social funcione de forma eficiente. Para generar y mantener la confianza ciudadana, es necesario que exista congruencia entre la opinión pública, la administración de justicia y la viabilidad de esta última. La percepción sobre la delincuencia está influida por la dinámica socioeconómica; factores demográficos como raza y género; creencias, actitudes y orientaciones religiosas, entre otros. También resulta evidente que la edad cumple un papel crucial en la forma en que varían las actitudes frente al delito y al castigo: las personas mayores suelen respaldar sanciones penales severas, mientras que las generaciones más jóvenes favorecen medidas de corte reformatorio. En consecuencia, los responsables de las políticas públicas deberían concentrarse en la mejora del infractor antes que en su reclusión, pues, como miembros de la sociedad, pueden y deben ser rehabilitados mediante procesos reformatorios intensivos que faciliten su reinserción y reduzcan la reincidencia, reafirmando el imperio de la ley y previniendo nuevos delitos. El artículo analiza y describe los múltiples factores que afectan el equilibrio entre delito y castigo y la forma en que el público lo percibe; para ello examina la influencia de los medios de comunicación, la presión política, las disparidades socioeconómicas, las percepciones basadas en género, la actuación policial y las narrativas culturales. Finalmente, la investigación concluye con recomendaciones destinadas a robustecer la opinión pública y, con ello, la legitimidad del sistema de justicia.

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Publicado
2025-07-16
Cómo citar
Kaushal, S., Shrivastava, V., Sahil, G., & Yadav, P. (2025). Percepciones del público sobre la justicia: un análisis sociojurídico de los factores de influencia. Ius Humani. Revista De Derecho, 14(1), 468-497. https://doi.org/10.31207/ih.v14i1.422