The Right to Housing: During and After the Covid-19 Pandemic
Keywords:
Right to Housing, Pandemic, Constitution, Human Rights, Combating Domestic Violence
Abstract
The importance of ensuring the right to housing during the pandemic Covid-19 and avoiding its negative impact on all spheres of human life is multifaceted. In particular, the least protected sections of the population, who often do not have their housing at all, usually are deprived of the opportunity to follow the rules of social distance and suffer more than others from the disease. Unsatisfactory living conditions during the period of complete quarantine and the need to stay at home all the time, indirectly affect the mental state of people and cause quarrels, domestic violence, and other problems of their residents. The purpose of the study is to establish the constitutive elements of the right to housing as a basic constitutional right, and to find ways of legal foundation of this right. The subject of the study are national and international regulations that ensure the right to housing, decisions of national and international courts, and constitutional doctrine. The research methods were philosophical, general scientific, and special scientific methods such as system-structural, comparative and formal methods. As a result of the study, the authors of the article came to the conclusion that the right to housing should be provided both at the level of national and international regulations. Scholars and legislators need special attention to ensuring the housing rights of vulnerable groups. Government subsidies and benefits are key to both the poor affected by the pandemic and businesses that are forced to lose profits.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Adams, K. (2008). Do We Need a Right to Housing? Nevada Law Journal, 9, 275-324. In https://scholars.law.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1088&context=nlj.
Allcott, H., Boxell, L., Conway, J., Ferguson, B., Gentzkow, M. & Goldman, B. (2020). Economic and health impacts of social distancing policies during the Coronavirus pandemic. Working Paper. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3610422.
Amnesty International (2020а). Human rights in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic (guide). In https://www.amnesty.org.ua/covid19-hr-guidance/.
Amnesty International. (2020b). Covid-19 and the right to housing. Submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on adequate housing. In https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/IOR4026262020ENGLISH.PDF.
Associated Press. (August 24, 2020). Covid-19 is ‘a crisis within a crisis’ for homeless people. In https://www.modernhealthcare.com/safety-quality/covid-19-crisis-within-crisis-homeless-people.
Autor, D. & Reynolds, E. (July 16, 2020). The nature of work after the Covid crisis: Too few low-wage jobs. Brookings. In https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-nature-of-work-after-the-covid-crisis-too-few-low-wage-jobs/.
Bartik, A., Cullen, Z., Glaeser, E., Luca, M. & Stanton, C. (2020). What jobs are being done at home during the Covid-19 crisis? Evidence from firm-level surveys. Harvard Business School Working Paper, 20, 138-145. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3574741.
Belardelli, J. (April 6, 2020). È fuori casa, perché “vivo per strada”. Senzatetto multato a Roma. The Huffington Post Italy. In https://www.huffingtonpost.it/entry/multe-senza-fissa-dimora_it_5e8b1d43c5b6e7d76c674726?fbclid=IwAR1b7jz2P-JXpAQbqwwkIlw2-5lkXDINBbYiUoRdJJxu7J8UIUtPsj8ciRU.
Benfer, E., Vlahov, D., Long, M., Walker-Wells, E., Pottenger, J., Gonsalves, G. & Keene, D. (2020). Eviction, Health Inequity, and the Spread of Covid-19: Housing Policy as a Primary Pandemic Mitigation Strategy. Journal of Urban Health, 1, 1-24. In https://ssrn.com/abstract=3736457.
Bengtsson, B. (2001). Housing as a Social Right: Implications for Welfare State Theory. Scandinavian Political Studies, 24, 255-275. In https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9477.00056.
Bick, A., Blandin, A. & Mertens, K. (2020). Work from home after the Covid-19 outbreak. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Working Paper 2017. DOI: In https://doi.org/10.24149/wp2017.
Bogdanov, E. V. (2003). The nature and essence of the right of citizens to housing. Journal of Russian Law, 4, 21-29. In https://esj.pnzgu.ru/files/esj.pnzgu.ru/veshchunova_ev_17_3_20.pdf.
Bonaccorsi, G., Pierri, F., Cinelli, M., Porcelli, F., Galeazzi, A., Flori, A., Schmidth, A.L., Valensise, C.M., Scala, A., Quattrociocchi, W. & Pammolli, F. (2020). Economic and Social Consequences of Human Mobility Restrictions under Covid-19 (April 11, 2020). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 6, 1-38. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007658117. In https://ssrn.com/abstract=3573609.
Bradbury‐Jones, C. & Isham, L. (2020). The pandemic paradox: The consequences of COVID‐19 on domestic violence. Journal of clinical nursing, 1, 2047-2049. DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15296. In https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jocn.15296.
Bratt, R., Stone, M. & Hartman, C. (Eds.). (2006). A right to housing: Foundation for a new social agenda. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Campbell, A. (2020). An increasing risk of family violence during the Covid-19 pandemic: Strengthening community collaborations to save lives. Forensic Science International: Reports, 100089. In https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665910720300384.
Chen, H., Qian, W. & Wen, Q. (2020). The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on consumption: Learning from high frequency transaction data. Working paper. DOI: In https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3568574.
Chetty, R., Friedman, J., Hendren, N., Stepner, M. & the Opportunity Insights Team. (2020). How did Covid-19 and stabilization policies affect spending and employment? A new real-time economic tracker based on private sector data. Working Paper. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27431.
Cochrane, E. & Stolberg, S. (March 27, 2020). $2 Trillion Coronavirus Stimulus Bill Is Signed Into Law. The New York Times. In https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/27/us/politics/coronavirus-house-voting.html.
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). (2020a). Learn about mortgage relief options. In https://www.consumerfinance.gov/coronavirus/mortgage-and-housing-assistance/mortgage-relief/.
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). (2020b). Protections for renters. In https://www.consumerfinance.gov/coronavirus/mortgage-and-housing-assistance/renter-protections/.
Cox, N., Ganong, P., Noel, P., Vavra, J., Wong, A., Farrell, D. & Greig, F. (2020). Initial impacts of the pandemic on consumer behavior: Evidence from linked income, spending, and savings data. Working Paper. In https://bfi.uchicago.edu/working-paper/initial-impacts-of-the-pandemic-on-consumer-behavior-evidence-from-linked-income-spending-and-savings-data/.
Dallas, R. & Power, E. (2020). Housing policy and the Covid-19 pandemic: the importance of housing research during this health emergency. International Journal of Housing Policy, 20(2), 177-183. In https://doi.org/10.1080/19491247.2020.1756599.
DarVoce. (April 9, 2020). Avvocato di Strada: “Emergenza e persone senza dimora, la battaglia continua”. In http://www.darvoce.org/blog/news/avvocato-di-strada-emergenza-e-persone-senza-dimora-la-battaglia-continua/.
Davletova, M. I. (2003). Subjective civil law to a dwelling: normative grounds and some problems of legal protection. Kazan: Kazan State University V.I. Ulyanov-Lenin.
Delfinov A. (October 15, 2018). Law criminalizing homeless people comes into force in Hungary. Deutsche Welle. In https://www.dw.com/ru/%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BB-%D0%B2-%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83-%D0%B2-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8/a-45899674.
Deutsche Welle. (September 26, 2020). Coronavirus leads to increase in homelessness in the US. In https://p.dw.com/p/3hvZp.
Garg, S. (2020). Hospitalization rates and characteristics of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019-Covid-NET, 14 states, March 1–30, 2020. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 69(15), 458–464. DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6915e3.
Goodman, L., Kaul, K. & Neal, M. (April 2, 2020). The CARES Act Eviction Moratorium Covers All Federally Financed Rentals—That’s One in Four US Rental Units. Urban Institute. In https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/cares-act-eviction-moratorium-covers-all-federally-financed-rentals-thats-one-four-us-rental-units.5.
Hamdi, I. (May 4, 2020). Lima GOR di DKI Tampung 173 Tunawisma. Tempo. In https://metro.tempo.co/read/1338501/lima-gor-di-dki-tampung-173-tunawisma
Hartman, C. (1998). The case for a right to housing. Housing Policy Debate, 9, 223-246. In https://www.innovations.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/hpd_0902_hartman_0.pdf.
Hohmann, J. (2013). The Right to Housing: Law, Concepts, Possibilities. New York, USA: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Hulse, C. & Cochrane, E. (March 26, 2020). As Coronavirus Spread, Largest Stimulus in History United a Polarized Senate. The New York Times. In https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/26/us/coronavirus-senate-stimulus-package.html
Italy. (April 25, 2020). Decreto #IoRestoaCasa, domande frequenti sulle misure adottate dal Governo. In http://www.governo.it/it/faq-iorestoacasa.
Jordà, Ò., Singh, S. & Taylor, A. (2020). Longer-run economic consequences of pandemics. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. In https://www.nber.org/papers/w26934.pdf.
Kachalova, I.V. (2006). Ownership and other property rights of citizens to living quarters. Moscow: Lomonosov Moscow State University. In http://89.208.148.166/diss/cont/208174.html.
Kenya. (2011). Constitutional Petition n° 2. In https://www.escr-net.org/caselaw/2012/constitutional-petition-no-2-2011-garissa.
Kompas. (May 3, 2020). DKI Siapkan GOR untuk Warga Telantar yang Tak Mampu Bayar Kontrakan. In https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2020/05/03/13195981/dki-siapkan-gor-untuk-warga-telantar-yang-tak-mampu-bayar-kontrakan.
Kravchenko, M. V. & Cheberyak, Yu. P. (2017). Realization of the right of citizens to housing in modern conditions: public administration aspect. Public administration: theory and practice, 2(18), 1-11. In http://www.dridu.dp.ua/zbirnik/2017-02(18)/9.pdf.
Leifheit, K., Linton, S., Raifman, J., Schwartz, G., Benfer, E., Zimmerman, F. & Pollack, C. (2020). Expiring Eviction Moratoriums and Covid-19 Incidence and Mortality. In https://ssrn.com/abstract=3739576.
Lima N., de Souza R., Feitosa P., Moreira J., da Silva C. & Neto M. (2020). People experiencing homelessness: Their potential exposure to Covid-19. Psychiatry Res. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112945. In https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32302813/.
Liu, S. & Su, Y. (2020). The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Demand for Density: Evidence from the U.S. Housing Market. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, 1, 1-26. In https://www.dallasfed.org/-/media/documents/research/papers/2020/wp2024.pdf.
Mas, A. & Pallais, A. (2020). Alternative work arrangements. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. In http://www.nber.org/papers/w26605.
McCarty, M. & Carpenter, D. (April 7, 2020). CARES Act Eviction Moratorium (Report). Congressional Research Service. In https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IN/IN11320.
National Police of Ukraine. (August 7, 2020). In six months, police have opened about 900 criminal proceedings for domestic violence. In https://www.kmu.gov.ua/news/za-piv-roku-policiya-vidkrila-blizko-900-kriminalnih-provadzhen-za-faktom-domashnogo-nasilstva-oleksandr-facevich.
Official California State Government Website. (2020). Housing and Homelessness—Coronavirus Covid-19 Response. In https://covid19.ca.gov/housing-and-homelessness/.
Pchelintseva, L. M. (2004). Research problems of the nature and content of the constitutional right to housing. Constitutional and Municipal Law, 2, 11-14.
Perri, M., Dosani, N. & Hwang, S. (2020). Covid-19 and people experiencing homelessness: challenges and mitigation strategies. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 192(26), 716-719. In https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.200834.
Peterman, A., Potts, A., O’Donnell, M., Thompson, K., Shah, N., Oertelt-Prigione, S. & van Gelder, N. (2020). Pandemics and violence against women and children. Center for Global Development, 528, 1-45. In https://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/pandemics-and-vawg-april2.pdf.
Pramuk, J. (March 25, 2020). Senate passes $2 trillion coronavirus stimulus package, sending it to the House. CNBC. In https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/25/senate-passes-2-trillion-coronavirus-stimulus-package.html.
Roshchyna, V. (December 7, 2020). This year, the number of complaints to the police about domestic violence has significantly increased in Ukraine. Hromadske. In https://hromadske.ua/posts/cogorich-v-ukrayini-kilkist-zayav-do-policiyi-cherez-domashnye-nasilstvo-zbilshilas-majzhe-vdvichi.
Russian Government official website. (2020). Measures of the Government of the Russian Federation to combat coronavirus infection and support the economy. In http://government.ru/support_measures/.
Sedugin, P. I. (2003). Housing law. Moscow: Norma.
Senate and House of Representatives of the USA. (2020). Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act. In https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-116publ136/pdf/PLAW-116publ136.pdf.
Skripko, V. R. (2002). The constitutional right of citizens of the Russian Federation to housing. State and law, 12, 31–39. In https://izvuz_on.pnzgu.ru/files/izvuz_on.pnzgu.ru/1411.pdf.
Snell, K. (March 26, 2020). What’s Inside The Senate’s $2 Trillion Coronavirus Aid Package. NPR. In https://www.npr.org/2020/03/26/821457551/whats-inside-the-senate-s-2-trillion-coronavirus-aid-package.
Sotnikova, L. V. (2006). The Right to Housing: History and Today. Bulletin of South Ural State University, 3, 163–167. In https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/pravo-na-zhilische-istoriya-i-segodnyashniy-den.
South Africa. Constitutional Court. (2000). Government of the Republic of South Africa and Others v Grootboom and Others (CCT11/00) [2000] ZACC 19; 2001 (1) SA 46; 2000 (11) BCLR 1169 (4 October 2000). In http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZACC/2000/19.html.
Taub, A. (April 6, 2020). A New Covid-19 Crisis: Domestic Abuse Rises Worldwide. The New York Times. In https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/06/world/coronavirus-domestic-violence.html.
Taylor, A., Fram, A., Kellman, L. & Superville, D. (March 28, 2020). Trump signs $2.2T stimulus after swift congressional votes. Associated Press. In https://apnews.com/2099a53bb8adf2def7ee7329ea322f9d.
Tenant, Homeowner, and Small Landlord Relief and Stabilization Act of 2020. In https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Factsheet-Tenant-Homeowner-and-Small-Landlord-Relief-and-Stabilization-Act-of-2020.pdf.
Todd, M. (November 2, 2020). Ask an Expert: What is Covid-19’s impact on the homelessness crisis? Vanderbilt University. In https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2020/11/02/ask-an-expert-what-is-covid-19s-impact-on-the-homelessness-crisis/.
Townsend, M. (April 12, 2020). Revealed: surge in domestic violence during Covid-19 crisis. The Guardian. In https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/apr/12/domestic-violence-surges-seven-hundred-per-cent-uk-coronavirus.
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. (1983). Housing Code. In https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/5464-10#Text.
Ukrinform. (December 8, 2020). There are no shelters for victims of domestic violence in seven regions. In https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-society/3150523-u-semi-regionah-nemae-pritulkiv-dla-zertv-domasnogo-nasilstva-denisova.html.
United Nations Human Rights Council (UN HRC). (December 30, 2015). Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living, and on the right to non-discrimination in this context: Report A/HRC/31/54. In https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/31/54.
United Nations. (1951). Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. In https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/statusofrefugees.aspx.
United Nations. (1965). Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination. In https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/cerd.aspx.
United Nations. (1966). International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). In https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CCPR.aspx.
United Nations. (1966). International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. In https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/cescr.aspx.
United Nations. (2015). Human Settlements Program (UN-Habitat). In https://www.un.org/ruleoflaw/un-and-the-rule-of-law/united-nations-human-settlements-programme/.
United Nations. (2019). Special Rapporteur on Adequate Housing. In https://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/housing/pages/housingindex.aspx.
United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (US DHUD). (May 1, 2020). HOME Investment Partnerships Program FAQs - Covid-19 & CARES Act (PDF): Report. In https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CPD/documents/HOME-FAQs-Covid-19.pdf.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (1948). In https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_015.
Usher, K., Bhullar, N., Durkin, J., Gyamfi, N. & Jackson, D. (2020). Family violence and COVID‐19: Increased vulnerability and reduced options for support. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 29, 549-552. In https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/inm.12735.
Van Gelder, N., Peterman, A., Potts, A., O’Donnell, M., Thompson, K., Shah, N. & Oertelt-Prigione, S. (2020). Covid-19: Reducing the risk of infection might increase the risk of intimate partner violence. EClinicalMedicine, 21, 1-2. In https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(20)30092-4/fulltext.
Veschunova, E. V. (2017). The essence and content of the constitutional right of citizens to housing. Electronic scientific journal “Science. Society. State”, 3(19), 1-5. In https:.cyberleninka.ru/article/v/suschnost-i-soderzhanie-kontitutsionnogo-prava-grazhdan-na-zhilische.
Wheelock, D. (2020). Comparing the Covid-19 Recession with the Great Depression. Economic Synopses, 39, 1-4. In https://doi.org/10.20955/es.2020.39.
Wire, S. (March 25, 2020). Senate passes $2-trillion economic stimulus package. The Los Angeles Times. In https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2020-03-25/vote-senate-on-2-trillion-economic-stimulus-package-coronavirus.
World Health Organization (WHO). (March 11, 2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19): Report 51. In https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200311-sitrep-51-Covid-19.pdf.
Allcott, H., Boxell, L., Conway, J., Ferguson, B., Gentzkow, M. & Goldman, B. (2020). Economic and health impacts of social distancing policies during the Coronavirus pandemic. Working Paper. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3610422.
Amnesty International (2020а). Human rights in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic (guide). In https://www.amnesty.org.ua/covid19-hr-guidance/.
Amnesty International. (2020b). Covid-19 and the right to housing. Submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on adequate housing. In https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/IOR4026262020ENGLISH.PDF.
Associated Press. (August 24, 2020). Covid-19 is ‘a crisis within a crisis’ for homeless people. In https://www.modernhealthcare.com/safety-quality/covid-19-crisis-within-crisis-homeless-people.
Autor, D. & Reynolds, E. (July 16, 2020). The nature of work after the Covid crisis: Too few low-wage jobs. Brookings. In https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-nature-of-work-after-the-covid-crisis-too-few-low-wage-jobs/.
Bartik, A., Cullen, Z., Glaeser, E., Luca, M. & Stanton, C. (2020). What jobs are being done at home during the Covid-19 crisis? Evidence from firm-level surveys. Harvard Business School Working Paper, 20, 138-145. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3574741.
Belardelli, J. (April 6, 2020). È fuori casa, perché “vivo per strada”. Senzatetto multato a Roma. The Huffington Post Italy. In https://www.huffingtonpost.it/entry/multe-senza-fissa-dimora_it_5e8b1d43c5b6e7d76c674726?fbclid=IwAR1b7jz2P-JXpAQbqwwkIlw2-5lkXDINBbYiUoRdJJxu7J8UIUtPsj8ciRU.
Benfer, E., Vlahov, D., Long, M., Walker-Wells, E., Pottenger, J., Gonsalves, G. & Keene, D. (2020). Eviction, Health Inequity, and the Spread of Covid-19: Housing Policy as a Primary Pandemic Mitigation Strategy. Journal of Urban Health, 1, 1-24. In https://ssrn.com/abstract=3736457.
Bengtsson, B. (2001). Housing as a Social Right: Implications for Welfare State Theory. Scandinavian Political Studies, 24, 255-275. In https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9477.00056.
Bick, A., Blandin, A. & Mertens, K. (2020). Work from home after the Covid-19 outbreak. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Working Paper 2017. DOI: In https://doi.org/10.24149/wp2017.
Bogdanov, E. V. (2003). The nature and essence of the right of citizens to housing. Journal of Russian Law, 4, 21-29. In https://esj.pnzgu.ru/files/esj.pnzgu.ru/veshchunova_ev_17_3_20.pdf.
Bonaccorsi, G., Pierri, F., Cinelli, M., Porcelli, F., Galeazzi, A., Flori, A., Schmidth, A.L., Valensise, C.M., Scala, A., Quattrociocchi, W. & Pammolli, F. (2020). Economic and Social Consequences of Human Mobility Restrictions under Covid-19 (April 11, 2020). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 6, 1-38. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007658117. In https://ssrn.com/abstract=3573609.
Bradbury‐Jones, C. & Isham, L. (2020). The pandemic paradox: The consequences of COVID‐19 on domestic violence. Journal of clinical nursing, 1, 2047-2049. DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15296. In https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jocn.15296.
Bratt, R., Stone, M. & Hartman, C. (Eds.). (2006). A right to housing: Foundation for a new social agenda. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Campbell, A. (2020). An increasing risk of family violence during the Covid-19 pandemic: Strengthening community collaborations to save lives. Forensic Science International: Reports, 100089. In https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665910720300384.
Chen, H., Qian, W. & Wen, Q. (2020). The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on consumption: Learning from high frequency transaction data. Working paper. DOI: In https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3568574.
Chetty, R., Friedman, J., Hendren, N., Stepner, M. & the Opportunity Insights Team. (2020). How did Covid-19 and stabilization policies affect spending and employment? A new real-time economic tracker based on private sector data. Working Paper. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27431.
Cochrane, E. & Stolberg, S. (March 27, 2020). $2 Trillion Coronavirus Stimulus Bill Is Signed Into Law. The New York Times. In https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/27/us/politics/coronavirus-house-voting.html.
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). (2020a). Learn about mortgage relief options. In https://www.consumerfinance.gov/coronavirus/mortgage-and-housing-assistance/mortgage-relief/.
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). (2020b). Protections for renters. In https://www.consumerfinance.gov/coronavirus/mortgage-and-housing-assistance/renter-protections/.
Cox, N., Ganong, P., Noel, P., Vavra, J., Wong, A., Farrell, D. & Greig, F. (2020). Initial impacts of the pandemic on consumer behavior: Evidence from linked income, spending, and savings data. Working Paper. In https://bfi.uchicago.edu/working-paper/initial-impacts-of-the-pandemic-on-consumer-behavior-evidence-from-linked-income-spending-and-savings-data/.
Dallas, R. & Power, E. (2020). Housing policy and the Covid-19 pandemic: the importance of housing research during this health emergency. International Journal of Housing Policy, 20(2), 177-183. In https://doi.org/10.1080/19491247.2020.1756599.
DarVoce. (April 9, 2020). Avvocato di Strada: “Emergenza e persone senza dimora, la battaglia continua”. In http://www.darvoce.org/blog/news/avvocato-di-strada-emergenza-e-persone-senza-dimora-la-battaglia-continua/.
Davletova, M. I. (2003). Subjective civil law to a dwelling: normative grounds and some problems of legal protection. Kazan: Kazan State University V.I. Ulyanov-Lenin.
Delfinov A. (October 15, 2018). Law criminalizing homeless people comes into force in Hungary. Deutsche Welle. In https://www.dw.com/ru/%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BB-%D0%B2-%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83-%D0%B2-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8/a-45899674.
Deutsche Welle. (September 26, 2020). Coronavirus leads to increase in homelessness in the US. In https://p.dw.com/p/3hvZp.
Garg, S. (2020). Hospitalization rates and characteristics of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019-Covid-NET, 14 states, March 1–30, 2020. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 69(15), 458–464. DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6915e3.
Goodman, L., Kaul, K. & Neal, M. (April 2, 2020). The CARES Act Eviction Moratorium Covers All Federally Financed Rentals—That’s One in Four US Rental Units. Urban Institute. In https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/cares-act-eviction-moratorium-covers-all-federally-financed-rentals-thats-one-four-us-rental-units.5.
Hamdi, I. (May 4, 2020). Lima GOR di DKI Tampung 173 Tunawisma. Tempo. In https://metro.tempo.co/read/1338501/lima-gor-di-dki-tampung-173-tunawisma
Hartman, C. (1998). The case for a right to housing. Housing Policy Debate, 9, 223-246. In https://www.innovations.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/hpd_0902_hartman_0.pdf.
Hohmann, J. (2013). The Right to Housing: Law, Concepts, Possibilities. New York, USA: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Hulse, C. & Cochrane, E. (March 26, 2020). As Coronavirus Spread, Largest Stimulus in History United a Polarized Senate. The New York Times. In https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/26/us/coronavirus-senate-stimulus-package.html
Italy. (April 25, 2020). Decreto #IoRestoaCasa, domande frequenti sulle misure adottate dal Governo. In http://www.governo.it/it/faq-iorestoacasa.
Jordà, Ò., Singh, S. & Taylor, A. (2020). Longer-run economic consequences of pandemics. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. In https://www.nber.org/papers/w26934.pdf.
Kachalova, I.V. (2006). Ownership and other property rights of citizens to living quarters. Moscow: Lomonosov Moscow State University. In http://89.208.148.166/diss/cont/208174.html.
Kenya. (2011). Constitutional Petition n° 2. In https://www.escr-net.org/caselaw/2012/constitutional-petition-no-2-2011-garissa.
Kompas. (May 3, 2020). DKI Siapkan GOR untuk Warga Telantar yang Tak Mampu Bayar Kontrakan. In https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2020/05/03/13195981/dki-siapkan-gor-untuk-warga-telantar-yang-tak-mampu-bayar-kontrakan.
Kravchenko, M. V. & Cheberyak, Yu. P. (2017). Realization of the right of citizens to housing in modern conditions: public administration aspect. Public administration: theory and practice, 2(18), 1-11. In http://www.dridu.dp.ua/zbirnik/2017-02(18)/9.pdf.
Leifheit, K., Linton, S., Raifman, J., Schwartz, G., Benfer, E., Zimmerman, F. & Pollack, C. (2020). Expiring Eviction Moratoriums and Covid-19 Incidence and Mortality. In https://ssrn.com/abstract=3739576.
Lima N., de Souza R., Feitosa P., Moreira J., da Silva C. & Neto M. (2020). People experiencing homelessness: Their potential exposure to Covid-19. Psychiatry Res. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112945. In https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32302813/.
Liu, S. & Su, Y. (2020). The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Demand for Density: Evidence from the U.S. Housing Market. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, 1, 1-26. In https://www.dallasfed.org/-/media/documents/research/papers/2020/wp2024.pdf.
Mas, A. & Pallais, A. (2020). Alternative work arrangements. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. In http://www.nber.org/papers/w26605.
McCarty, M. & Carpenter, D. (April 7, 2020). CARES Act Eviction Moratorium (Report). Congressional Research Service. In https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IN/IN11320.
National Police of Ukraine. (August 7, 2020). In six months, police have opened about 900 criminal proceedings for domestic violence. In https://www.kmu.gov.ua/news/za-piv-roku-policiya-vidkrila-blizko-900-kriminalnih-provadzhen-za-faktom-domashnogo-nasilstva-oleksandr-facevich.
Official California State Government Website. (2020). Housing and Homelessness—Coronavirus Covid-19 Response. In https://covid19.ca.gov/housing-and-homelessness/.
Pchelintseva, L. M. (2004). Research problems of the nature and content of the constitutional right to housing. Constitutional and Municipal Law, 2, 11-14.
Perri, M., Dosani, N. & Hwang, S. (2020). Covid-19 and people experiencing homelessness: challenges and mitigation strategies. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 192(26), 716-719. In https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.200834.
Peterman, A., Potts, A., O’Donnell, M., Thompson, K., Shah, N., Oertelt-Prigione, S. & van Gelder, N. (2020). Pandemics and violence against women and children. Center for Global Development, 528, 1-45. In https://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/pandemics-and-vawg-april2.pdf.
Pramuk, J. (March 25, 2020). Senate passes $2 trillion coronavirus stimulus package, sending it to the House. CNBC. In https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/25/senate-passes-2-trillion-coronavirus-stimulus-package.html.
Roshchyna, V. (December 7, 2020). This year, the number of complaints to the police about domestic violence has significantly increased in Ukraine. Hromadske. In https://hromadske.ua/posts/cogorich-v-ukrayini-kilkist-zayav-do-policiyi-cherez-domashnye-nasilstvo-zbilshilas-majzhe-vdvichi.
Russian Government official website. (2020). Measures of the Government of the Russian Federation to combat coronavirus infection and support the economy. In http://government.ru/support_measures/.
Sedugin, P. I. (2003). Housing law. Moscow: Norma.
Senate and House of Representatives of the USA. (2020). Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act. In https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-116publ136/pdf/PLAW-116publ136.pdf.
Skripko, V. R. (2002). The constitutional right of citizens of the Russian Federation to housing. State and law, 12, 31–39. In https://izvuz_on.pnzgu.ru/files/izvuz_on.pnzgu.ru/1411.pdf.
Snell, K. (March 26, 2020). What’s Inside The Senate’s $2 Trillion Coronavirus Aid Package. NPR. In https://www.npr.org/2020/03/26/821457551/whats-inside-the-senate-s-2-trillion-coronavirus-aid-package.
Sotnikova, L. V. (2006). The Right to Housing: History and Today. Bulletin of South Ural State University, 3, 163–167. In https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/pravo-na-zhilische-istoriya-i-segodnyashniy-den.
South Africa. Constitutional Court. (2000). Government of the Republic of South Africa and Others v Grootboom and Others (CCT11/00) [2000] ZACC 19; 2001 (1) SA 46; 2000 (11) BCLR 1169 (4 October 2000). In http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZACC/2000/19.html.
Taub, A. (April 6, 2020). A New Covid-19 Crisis: Domestic Abuse Rises Worldwide. The New York Times. In https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/06/world/coronavirus-domestic-violence.html.
Taylor, A., Fram, A., Kellman, L. & Superville, D. (March 28, 2020). Trump signs $2.2T stimulus after swift congressional votes. Associated Press. In https://apnews.com/2099a53bb8adf2def7ee7329ea322f9d.
Tenant, Homeowner, and Small Landlord Relief and Stabilization Act of 2020. In https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Factsheet-Tenant-Homeowner-and-Small-Landlord-Relief-and-Stabilization-Act-of-2020.pdf.
Todd, M. (November 2, 2020). Ask an Expert: What is Covid-19’s impact on the homelessness crisis? Vanderbilt University. In https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2020/11/02/ask-an-expert-what-is-covid-19s-impact-on-the-homelessness-crisis/.
Townsend, M. (April 12, 2020). Revealed: surge in domestic violence during Covid-19 crisis. The Guardian. In https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/apr/12/domestic-violence-surges-seven-hundred-per-cent-uk-coronavirus.
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. (1983). Housing Code. In https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/5464-10#Text.
Ukrinform. (December 8, 2020). There are no shelters for victims of domestic violence in seven regions. In https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-society/3150523-u-semi-regionah-nemae-pritulkiv-dla-zertv-domasnogo-nasilstva-denisova.html.
United Nations Human Rights Council (UN HRC). (December 30, 2015). Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living, and on the right to non-discrimination in this context: Report A/HRC/31/54. In https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/31/54.
United Nations. (1951). Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. In https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/statusofrefugees.aspx.
United Nations. (1965). Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination. In https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/cerd.aspx.
United Nations. (1966). International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). In https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CCPR.aspx.
United Nations. (1966). International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. In https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/cescr.aspx.
United Nations. (2015). Human Settlements Program (UN-Habitat). In https://www.un.org/ruleoflaw/un-and-the-rule-of-law/united-nations-human-settlements-programme/.
United Nations. (2019). Special Rapporteur on Adequate Housing. In https://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/housing/pages/housingindex.aspx.
United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (US DHUD). (May 1, 2020). HOME Investment Partnerships Program FAQs - Covid-19 & CARES Act (PDF): Report. In https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CPD/documents/HOME-FAQs-Covid-19.pdf.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (1948). In https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_015.
Usher, K., Bhullar, N., Durkin, J., Gyamfi, N. & Jackson, D. (2020). Family violence and COVID‐19: Increased vulnerability and reduced options for support. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 29, 549-552. In https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/inm.12735.
Van Gelder, N., Peterman, A., Potts, A., O’Donnell, M., Thompson, K., Shah, N. & Oertelt-Prigione, S. (2020). Covid-19: Reducing the risk of infection might increase the risk of intimate partner violence. EClinicalMedicine, 21, 1-2. In https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(20)30092-4/fulltext.
Veschunova, E. V. (2017). The essence and content of the constitutional right of citizens to housing. Electronic scientific journal “Science. Society. State”, 3(19), 1-5. In https:.cyberleninka.ru/article/v/suschnost-i-soderzhanie-kontitutsionnogo-prava-grazhdan-na-zhilische.
Wheelock, D. (2020). Comparing the Covid-19 Recession with the Great Depression. Economic Synopses, 39, 1-4. In https://doi.org/10.20955/es.2020.39.
Wire, S. (March 25, 2020). Senate passes $2-trillion economic stimulus package. The Los Angeles Times. In https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2020-03-25/vote-senate-on-2-trillion-economic-stimulus-package-coronavirus.
World Health Organization (WHO). (March 11, 2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19): Report 51. In https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200311-sitrep-51-Covid-19.pdf.
Published
2021-02-05
How to Cite
Fasii, B., Levytskyi, A., & Savytskyi, A. (2021). The Right to Housing: During and After the Covid-19 Pandemic. Ius Humani. Law Journal, 10(1), 27-50. https://doi.org/10.31207/ih.v10i1.269
Section
Papers
Copyright (c) 2021 Bohdan Fasii, Andrii Levytskyi, Andrii Savytskyi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors publishing in our Journal comply to the following terms:
1. Authors keep their work’s copyrights, but they guarantee Ius Humani Law Journal to be the first publisher of their papers. They grant the Journal will a Creative Commons Attribution License, under which their work can be shared with the condition that it is appropriately cited.
2. Authors are aware and accept that the Ius Humani Team will try to give the greatest diffusion to the Journal, which means, among other things, that its printed and electronic editions will be distributed among different databases and scientific indexes.
3. Authors can establish further clauses for non exclusive distribution, such as publication on a separate book or placing in an institutional data-base. Nevertheless, a note should be always added to explain that the paper was originally published in Ius Humani Law Journal.
4. We permit and encourage authors to share their work through Internet before and during the editorial process to receive further recommendations and wider references (we recommend you read the article The Effect of Open Access).
